QSI: "Contact With The Holy Quran"

 Notes from The Great Courses:The Science of Information: From Language to Black Holes

Writing represents speech, and in alphabetic writing, each symbol represents a sound. But the rule of association between [or “for associating’] the symbol and the message—the code—..... Both writer and reader know the code.

Every message that is communicated is one particular message out of a set of many possible messages. ...“(Gaining) Information is the ability to distinguish reliably among possible alternatives (messages).”