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The Roman Period (63 B.C–324 A.D)The Early Roman Period (63 B.C–70 A.D) The Second Temple Period. In 63 BC, Pompey conquered Jerusalem and turned Judea into a protectorate. The Jewish state had lost its sovereignty and independence and the Roman Period had begun. Pompey did not find a unified, stable government but rather civil strife between contenders from members the Hasmonean dynasty vying for the high priesthood. In their internecine squabbles, they recruited the help of neighboring countries. Rome felt no commitment to the Hasmoneandynasty which in the past had worked against its interests. And as Pompey saw little chance for a stable Jewish government to arise in the Land of Israel, it did not take much effort for him to impose his authority by means of the sword.